Vivitrol, an extended-release injectable form of naltrexone, is a medication widely used in the United States to support recovery from opioid and alcohol addiction. While primarily prescribed to help maintain abstinence by reducing cravings and preventing relapse, patients undergoing this treatment may notice changes in their weight.
This article explains the relationship between this medication and weight loss, which is important for managing expectations and ensuring a healthy recovery process.
What is Vivitrol and How Does It Work?
Vivitrol is an intramuscular injection containing naltrexone, an opioid antagonist, administered once a month. It works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain without activating them. This blockade prevents opioids and alcohol-related endorphins from producing rewarding effects, effectively reducing cravings and the desire to use these substances. Vivitrol injection is typically administered after a patient has completed detoxification from opioids, as initiating treatment too early can trigger withdrawal symptoms.
As part of Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT), it is combined with counseling and behavioral therapies to increase the chances of long-term recovery. Unlike opioid agonists such as methadone or buprenorphine, this does not cause euphoria or physical dependence. This non-addictive profile makes it a valuable option for many patients combating substance use disorders.
Can Vivitrol Cause Weight Loss?
Weight changes are a possible side effect of naltrexone, though the direction and extent can vary widely from person to person. Some individuals report weight loss, often due to appetite suppression or gastrointestinal issues such as nausea and occasional vomiting, which are common side effects during the early stages of treatment. These factors may lead to reduced calorie intake and gradual weight reduction.
At the same time, weight gain has also been observed among people receiving Vivitrol treatment, making the overall effect on body weight unpredictable. These differences are influenced by individual biology, lifestyle factors, and overall health status during recovery.
The mechanism behind these changes is linked to how naltrexone, the active ingredient in Vivitrol, works in the brain. Blocking opioid receptors interferes with reward pathways that normally enhance hunger cues and food-related pleasure. As a result, naltrexone may blunt appetite in some individuals. Combined with gastrointestinal discomfort, this can contribute to decreased food consumption.
However, changes in body weight are not always due to the medication alone. Many people also make significant lifestyle adjustments during recovery, such as adopting healthier diets, exercising more regularly, and stabilizing metabolism after substance use, which can further influence weight gain or loss.
What to Expect During Treatment
In the early weeks of Vivitrol-assisted treatment, some patients may notice side effects such as nausea or reduced appetite, which can temporarily lower food intake and lead to minor weight loss. These symptoms usually improve as the body adjusts to the medication. To support recovery and overall well-being, healthcare providers encourage patients to maintain balanced nutrition and hydration throughout treatment. Simple strategies like eating smaller, frequent meals or incorporating nutritional supplements can help manage appetite changes and promote long-term stability.
Managing Weight Changes
Open communication with healthcare providers about any significant fluctuations is essential. If weight loss or gain becomes pronounced or affects energy levels and health, providers may adjust treatment plans or recommend referral to nutritionists.
Personalized approaches to diet and lifestyle can help manage weight effectively during naltrexone treatment. Encouraging regular physical activity, even light exercise, can improve appetite and metabolic function. Patients should avoid drastic dieting or ignoring hunger cues, as a stable nutritional base supports brain healing and relapse prevention.
Other Common Side Effects
Beyond changes in appetite or digestion, patients may notice other common side effects, including headaches, dizziness, fatigue, or discomfort at the injection site, such as temporary pain, swelling, or redness. While most reactions are mild and short-lived, every individual responds differently.
Reporting persistent or worsening symptoms to your healthcare provider helps ensure the medication remains safe and effective throughout treatment.
Final Thoughts from Raise the Bottom
Weight changes, whether gain or loss, are possible during Vivitrol treatment and vary widely among individuals. Understanding that appetite suppression and gastrointestinal side effects are common early during treatment can help patients and caregivers prepare for these changes. Maintaining a healthy diet, staying hydrated, and working closely with healthcare providers to monitor nutritional status promotes holistic recovery.
At Raise the Bottom, we provide Vivitrol-assisted treatment as part of a comprehensive opioid addiction rehab program in Idaho. Our approach combines medication with counseling, behavioral therapy, and long-term support to give patients the tools they need for sustainable recovery. Through the integration of medical care with emotional and behavioral support, we help individuals build a strong foundation for lasting sobriety and improved quality of life.
